I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. The present research addresses the issue of hads accuracy in cancer patients, comparing its two subscales hadsa and hadsd. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads accuracy in. Anxiety and depression in patients with chest pain referred for exercise. The hads not only helps in diagnosis but also determines the risk group by rapidly scanning anxiety and depression in patients with the disease 10. To adapt the scale for chilean cancer patients, we used the spanish version 31 of the original scale 27. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. Depression and anxiety were measured by the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, 38 a 14item questionnaire that assesses depressive 7items and anxiety symptoms 7items on a 4point. Assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads introduction. The concept of anhedonia loss of pleasure in life underlies the depression sub scale. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is dead. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric hospital setting 4. The scale was developed by as zigmond and rp snaith both at the department of psychiatry of the.
Many existing hadsd studies have used exploratory methods to select optimal cutoffs. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. Aug 01, 2003 the hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice.
Thus, this study explores the psychometric properties of one such measure the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. There is an increasing interest in using screening instruments and a number of palliative care teams are using the hospital anxiety and depression scale had, a fourteenitem scale devised in 1983 by zigmond and snaith 10 x 10 zigmond, a. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale milly. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale milly abena. This questionnaire is designed to help your clinician to know how you feel. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1.
The hads hospital anxiety and depression scale aims to measure symptoms of anxiety hads anxiety and depression hads depression. The had scale is a questionnaire, which has been developed to detect the overall state and severity of anxiety and depression zigmond and snaith, 1983. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed from a study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a general medical hospital. One way to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression and their severity is the use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale had scale. Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population.
Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads useful. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. An analysis of the validity of the hospital anxiety and. Responses are summed to provide separate scores for anxiety and depression symptomology. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety and depression in a non. Originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research.
James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi ety in the setting of an. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of. The depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd is the most commonly used screening tool in medically ill patients. In spite of its large use, no agreement exists in literature on hads accuracy in case finding. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version hads. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi. The hads is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Pdf there is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of suffering. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, hds page 2 of 4 4 i can laugh and see the funny side of things as much as i always could 0 not quite so much now 1 definitely not so much now 2 not at all 3 5 worrying thoughts go through my mind a great deal of the time 3 a lot of the time 2 not too often 1 very little 0 6 i feel cheerful never 3 not. A 14item scale divided into two subscales, anxiety and depression, each one comprising 7 items depression for even items and anxiety for odd ones. Abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxiety in the setting of an hospital medical outpatient clinic.
Anxiety and depression in diabetic patients according to. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is dead, but.
The norms below will give you an idea of the level of anxiety and depression. The findings of this study were published by zigmond and snaith 1983 1. Hospital anxiety and depression scale, deutsche version. One such instrument is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 4.
Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 314k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983 acta. Hads officially distributed by mapi research trust eprovide. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease. The findings of this study were published by zigmond and snaith 19831.
Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads instructions. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. It is suggested that the introduction of the scales into general. If your clinician knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. The concept of anhedonia loss of pleasure in life underlies the depression subscale. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder. Hads is comprised of 14 questions which assess levels of depression and anxiety. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a valid. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. Hospital anxiety and depression scale for cancer patients e. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, which was developed by zigmond and snait is currently one of the most widely used scales to evaluate depression and anxiety in dm. Assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for. Introduction the depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd has been recommended for depression screening in medically ill patients. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and quality of.
It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. Most physicians are aware of this aspect of the illness of their patients but many feel incompetent to provide the patient with reliable information. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for. Often, these studies report results from a small range of cutoff thresholds. Hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. It is suggested that the introduction of the scales into general hospital practice would.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in di. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Screening for psychiatric illness in palliative care inpatient setting. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads useful in. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing.
The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid. There is also a lack of psychometric evaluations of the hads in nonclinical samples of older people. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale core. Is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a. Hads consists of two subscales anxiety and depression scored separately, with seven items each. Its purpose is to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use practical tool for identifying and quantifying depression and anxiety. Van hemert from the department of psychiatry, leiden university and the department of psychiatry and department of health sciences, university of groningen, the. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads7 has been widely used as a screening instrument for anxiety and depression in the terminally ill. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a selfreport questionnaire designed to screen anxious and depressive states in patients in nonpsychiatric settings. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. The first page of the pdf of this article appears above.
915 144 408 476 314 730 743 1638 548 1158 278 1423 663 113 1467 1068 1222 873 816 1612 1142 834 1599 1082 410 797 990 1493 134 1320 741 471 209 1093 280 378 117 1202 8 235